HMGB1 (human, recombinant)

High mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) is a member of the HMGB subfamily of proteins with roles in promoting proper DNA structure and mediating extracellular inflammation. It is composed of two HMG box DNA-binding domains and a negatively charged C-terminus. HMGB1 is ubiquitously expressed and found in the nucleus and extracellular space. In the nucleus, it binds DNA and histones and ensures proper DNA structure. HMGB1 is secreted by cells in response to regulated cell death pathways, tissue damage, ischemia, organ transplants, or pathogen infection, where it further increases local inflammation and stimulates additional HMGB1 secretion by immune cells. Serum levels of HMGB1 are increased in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), a condition characterized by immune system hyperreactivity to infectious and non-infectious stimuli, and a SNP in the promoter region of HMGB1 is associated with poor survival in SIRS patients. Cayman's HMGB1 (human, recombinant) protein can be used in binding assays. This protein consists of 225 amino acids and has a calculated molecular weight of 26. kDa. By SDS-PAGE, under reducing conditions, the apparent molecular mass of the protein is approximately 33. kDa due to glycosylation.