Glutaredoxin 2 (human, recombinant)

Glutaredoxin 2 (Grx2) is a thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase and member of the thioredoxin family encoded by GLRX2 with a role in the maintenance of cellular thiol redox homeostasis. Alternative splicing of GLRX2 produces three ubiquitously expressed isoforms, Grx2a, Grx2b, and Grx2c, with Grx2a localized to the mitochondria and Grx2b and Grx2c in the cytoplasm and nucleus. It is a dithiol Grx that contains two active site cysteine residues and catalyzes the glutathione-dependent reduction of disulfides, acting as an electron donor for ribonucleotide or sulfate reduction, and regulating protein levels of glutathione mixed disulfides. In its inactive state, Grx2 is a homodimer linked by a single [2Fe-2S] cluster, which acts as a redox sensor that drives monomerization and activation of Grx2 under conditions of oxidative stress, such as free radical formation or oxidation of the glutathione (GSH) pool. The oxidized active site in Grx2 is reduced by GSH and, unlike other eukaryotic Grxs, is also a substrate for thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). Grx2 catalyzes the reversible glutathionylation of mitochondrial complex I to regulate superoxide production and facilitates the reduction of protein disulfides, glutathionylated proteins, and other low molecular weight substrates under conditions of oxidative stress. Knockdown or overexpression of GLRX2 enhances and reduces, respectively, oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in HeLa cells. Glrx2 knockdown increases high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance, hippocampal inflammation, increases in body weight, and cognitive dysfunction in mice. Cayman's Glutaredoxin 2 (human, recombinant) protein can be used for enzyme activity assays.Synonyms: Glxr2, Grx2, Thioltransferease 2, TTF2. Purity: >95% estimated by SDS-PAGE. Source: Active recombinant human N-terminal His-tagged Grx2 expressed in E. coli. Amino Acids: 41-164. MW: 16.2 kDa. Formulation: (Request formulation change), 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.8, with 150 mM sodium chloride, 1 mM EDTA, 10% glycerol, and 0.1 mM DTT. UniProt Accession #: Q9NS18.