Protonex(TM) Red 600, maleimide

Excitation (nm): 576. Emission (nm): 597. Protonex(TM) Red 600 dye exhibits pH-dependent fluorescence, with enhanced brightness under acidic conditions-opposite to most fluorescent dyes that fluoresce more intensely at higher pH levels. As the pH drops from neutral to acidic, the fluorescence of Protonex(TM) Red 600 dye significantly increases. This characteristic allows for reduced washing steps due to its weak fluorescence outside of cells. Protonex(TM) Red 600 dye is particularly effective in monitoring acidic cellular compartments such as endosomes and lysosomes. It excels in environments like phagosomes, lysosomes, and endosomes, where its fluorescence is substantially boosted, offering precise detection of these acidic sites. This reduces signal variability and enhances the accuracy of imaging or flow cytometry applications. Furthermore, Protonex(TM) Red 600 is compatible for multiplexed assays with green fluorescent dyes such as GFP, Fluo-8, calcein, or FITC-labeled antibodies, due to its spectral similarity to Texas Red. This similarity facilitates the use of established Texas Red filter sets, streamlining assay integration. Moreover, Protonex(TM) Red 600, functionalized with a maleimide group, is tailored for conjugation to thiol groups on proteins, oligonucleotide thiophosphates, or small molecular ligands. These bioconjugates are particularly effective for the targeted detection of cellular processes like phagocytosis and endocytosis, further enhancing assay specificity and reproducibility. Such conjugates also support comprehensive multiplexed analysis of cellular functions when used in conjunction with the aforementioned green dyes.