MitoROS(TM) NIR 780 *Optimized for Detecting Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Mitochnodria*

Excitation (nm): 764. Emission (nm): 778. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive molecules containing oxygen, such as superoxide, hydroxyl radicals, singlet oxygen, and peroxides. These species are natural byproducts of oxygen metabolism and play vital roles in cell signaling and homeostasis. However, under conditions of environmental stress, including ultraviolet (UV) radiation or thermal stress, ROS levels can rise sharply, resulting in oxidative stress and subsequent cellular damage. MitoROS(TM) NIR 780 is a superoxide-sensitive fluorescent probe specifically engineered to target mitochondria in live cells. Upon oxidation by superoxide anions, MitoROS(TM) NIR 780 emits near-infrared fluorescence, facilitating the quantification of superoxide levels in mitochondria using fluorescence microscopy or flow cytometry. The probe demonstrates high cell permeability and mitochondrial selectivity, undergoing rapid oxidation by superoxide with minimal susceptibility to other ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), thus ensuring specificity. The oxidized fluorophore remains intracellular, making MitoROS(TM) NIR 780 a critical tool for the study of oxidative stress-related pathologies. A significant advantage of MitoROS(TM) NIR 780 is its compatibility with multiplexing techniques, allowing it to be used in conjunction with other fluorescent mitochondrial probes. This feature permits simultaneous investigation of multiple parameters of mitochondrial function and health within the same cell population. For instance, MitoROS(TM) NIR 780 can be paired with green fluorescent dyes such as MitoLite(TM) Green FM to concurrently monitor ROS levels and mitochondrial mass or morphology. Furthermore, co-application with TMRE or TMRM enables the simultaneous measurement of mitochondrial membrane potential and ROS levels. This multifaceted approach provides comprehensive insights into mitochondrial health and functionality, advancing research into mitochondrial-related diseases and conditions.