Suramin . sodium salt

Potent ATPase inhibitor [1]. Potent competitive inhibitor of reverse transcriptase. Shows anti-HIV activity [2, 3]. Anticancer compound [4, 5, 15]. Protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor [4]. Potent inhibitor of melanoma heparanase and tumor cell metastasis [6]. Non-specific growth factors inhibitor (including PDGF, EGF, aFGF and bFGF) [7, 16]. TGF-beta1 inhibitor [8]. Topoisomerase I and II inhibitor [9]. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) inhibitor [10]. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) inhibitor [11]. G protein inhibitor [12]. P2X and P2Y purinergic receptor antagonist [13]. Antiangiogenic. Potent VEGF inhibitor [14, 15]. Telomerase inhibitor [17]. Shows adjuvant properties [18]. Regulates ryanodine receptor [19]. Direct adenylyl cyclase inhibitor [20]. Protein synthesis inhibitor [21]. SIRT1 (sirtuin 1) and SIRT5 (sirtuin 5) inhibitor [22, 23]. Immunosuppressive [24]. Antifibrotic agent [25]. Antiparasitic. Antiprotozoal. Athelmintic [26]. Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase inhibitor [29]. Inhibitor of the STING pathway via the inhibition of cGAMP synthase (cGAS) enzymatic activity [32]. Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection in cell culture by blocking early steps (binding/fusion) of the replication cycle. Potentially binds and inhibits nsp12 of SARS-CoV-2, binding to motifs harbouring the RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRps) activity [34, 36]. Inhibits several dsDNA-binding proteins, including cGAS (inhibiting cGAS-STING and TLR9 mediated inflammatory responses), Mcm1040 and DNA topoisomerase II, and most recently also the AIM2 inflammasome. Effective inhibitor of dsDNA-induced inflammation [38].