Lactobionic Acid

Lactobionic acid is an aldonic acid that is comprised of galactose and gluconic acid and can be produced by the lactose oxidation pathway in Pseudomonas. Lactobionic acid increases the water solubility of clarithromycin and has been used as a low pH buffer for the entrapment of SYK kinase inhibitors in liposomal nanoparticles. It also has antioxidant, humectant, and metal-chelating properties. Topical administration of lactobionic acid (10% v/v) lowers the pH of the stratum corneum in mice. Formulations containing lactobionic acid have been used in cosmetic, pharmaceutical, biomedicine, and food applications as well as in the preservation of organs during transplantation. The free acid and delta-lactone forms of lactobionic acid are interconvertible, with acidic pH conditions favoring formation of the delta-lactone form. Lactobionic acid is provided as a mixture of the free acid and lactone.Formal Name: 4-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-D-gluconic acid, 4-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-D-gluconic acid, delta-lactone. Synonyms: Galactosylgluconic Acid. Molecular Formula: C12H22O12 (for acid). Formula Weight: 358.3. Purity: >95% (mixture of acid and lactone forms). Formulation: (Request formulation change), A crystalline solid. Solubility: DMF: 20 mg/ml, DMSO: 20 mg/ml, PBS (pH 7.2): 10 mg/ml. SMILES: OC[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]([C@H](O)CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O)O1.OC[C@H]2O[C@@H](O[C@H]3[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O[C@@H]3CO)=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O. InChi Code: InChI=1S/C12H22O12.C12H20O11/c13-1-3(15)10(7(18)8(19)11(21)22)24-12-9(20)6(17)5(16)4(2-14)23-12,13-1-3-5(15)6(16)9(19)12(22-3)23-10-4(2-14)21-11(20)8(18)7(10)17/h3-10,12-20H,1-2H2,(H,21,22),3-10,12-19H,1-2H2/t2*3-,4-,5+,6+,7-,8-,9-,10-,12+/m11/s1. InChi Key: GGNSUUSNYURPMG-GJEDQQNMSA-N.