L-Glutamine

L-Glutamine is an amino acid and is essential in the formation of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides, amino sugars, glutathione, L-glutamate and other amino acids as well as in protein synthesis and glucose production. It plays also a role in lipid synthesis (e.g. in cancer cells), cellular energy as a source next to glucose, nitrogen donation for many anabolic processes, including the synthesis of purines and carbon donation, as a source refilling the citric acid cycle. It is a nontoxic transporter of ammonia in the blood circulation and a precursor to the neurotransmitter glutamate and GABA. L-Glutamine is an essential amino acid which is a crucial component of culture media that serves as a major energy source for cells in culture. L-Glutamine exerts potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, next to its roles in cell proliferation and cancer. Levels of L-glutamine in human white adipose tissue (WAT) are linked with obesity-associated inflammation. Addition of L-glutamine in obese mice attenuated adipose tissue inflammation. Reduced L-glutamine levels during obesity shift the balance from glutaminolysis toward glycolysis, leading to nuclear O-GlcNAcylation, which activates inflammation. Product References: (1) A.L. Miller, Altern. Med. Rev. 4, 239 (1999) (Review) , (2) P. Newsholme, J. Nutr. 131, 2515S (2001) (Review) , (3) D. Kelly & P.E. Wischmeyer, Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care 6, 217 (2003) (Review) , (4) R.H. van den Heuvel, et al., Cell Mol. Life Sci. 61, 669 (2004) (Review) , (5) H.A. Martins, et al., Amino Acids 48, 2773 (2016) , (6) P. Petrus, et al., Cell Metab. 31, 375 (2020) Appearance: White to off-white powder. Solubility: Soluble in water (25mg/ml). Identity: Determined by 1H-NMR. InChi Key: ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-VKHMYHEASA-N Smiles: NC(CC[C@H](N)C(O)=O)=O