gamma-Tocotrienol

Tocotrienols contain an arene ring, a chromanol ring, and an isoprenoid tail, all tocotrienol compounds contain a methyl group on C8 of the arene ring. gamma-Tocotrienol contains one additional methyl group on the arene ring, positioned ortho to C8. Tocotrienols are members of the vitamin E family, typically isolated from natural sources such as vegetable oils, nuts, and grains. Tocotrienols exhibit strong antioxidative, anti-angiogenic, anticancer, and lipid-lowering qualities, although -Tocotrienol displays the strongest lipid-lowering activity of all of the tocotrienol compounds. Tocopherols, common substituents of over-the-counter vitamin E supplements, interfere with tocotrienol activity and show weaker antioxidative effects. Tocotrienols exhibit significant radical recycling abilities in cellular models of lipid peroxidation and oxidative damage and suppress HMG-CoA reductase activity. In vitro, these compounds induce apoptosis through inhibition of Id1, EGFR, and NF-kappaB, they also inhibit vessel formation and proliferation in aortic endothelial cells.