Allopurinol

Xanthine oxidoreductase mediates the successive oxidation of hypoxanthine and xanthine to produce uric acid. The enzyme can interconvert between xanthine dehydrogenase and xanthine oxidase activities through reversible sulfhydryl oxidation on specific cysteine residues. Both forms oxidize hypoxanthine and xanthine to uric acid. However the dehydrogenase simultaneously reduces nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide while the oxidase reduces oxygen to superoxide. Allopurinol is an isomer of hypoxanthine that inhibits xanthine oxidoreductase (IC50 values between 0.2 and 50 µM, depending on assay and cell type). In vivo, allopurinol has been reported to effectively and safely lower serum and urinary uric acid levels and is also reported to be effective in the treatment of gout and hyperuricemia. Allopurinol is rapidly metabolized in vivo to the xanthine analog oxypurinol, which is a metabolite that clearly augments the therapeutic effect of allopurinol.Formal Name: 1,5-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-one. CAS Number: 315-30-0. Molecular Formula: C5H4N4O. Formula Weight: 136.1. Purity: >98%. Formulation: (Request formulation change), A crystalline solid. Solubility: DMSO: 1 mg/ml, DMSO:PBS (pH 7.2) (1:10): 0.1 mg/ml. lambdamax: 251 nm. SMILES: O=c1nc[nH]c2[nH]ncc12. InChi Code: InChI=1S/C5H4N4O/c10-5-3-1-8-9-4(3)6-2-7-5/h1-2H,(H2,6,7,8,9,10). InChi Key: OFCNXPDARWKPPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N.