HK-2 Cells

Categories: Human cells , Transformed cell lines Description: The HK-2 cell line is a well-characterized human proximal tubular epithelial cell line derived from normal adult kidney tissue. These cells exhibit typical epithelial morphology and retain many of the biochemical and functional properties of proximal tubular cells, making them a valuable model for studying renal physiology and pathophysiology. HK-2 cells are known for their ability to perform active transport and exhibit brush border enzyme activities, which are essential for their role in renal reabsorption processes. HK-2 cells express a range of transporters and receptors, including those for glucose, amino acids, and various ions, reflecting their role in renal filtration and reabsorption. They are also responsive to hormonal regulation, such as by parathyroid hormone and aldosterone, which influence their transport activities. Due to these characteristics, HK-2 cells are extensively used in nephrotoxicity studies, drug screening, and research on renal diseases such as acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. Moreover, HK-2 cells have been utilized in studies investigating renal cell carcinoma and other kidney-related cancers. They provide a reliable in vitro system for examining cellular responses to toxic agents, oxidative stress, and hypoxia. Researchers also employ HK-2 cells to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying fibrosis and inflammation in the kidney. Overall, the HK-2 cell line is a critical tool in renal research, offering insights into both normal kidney function and disease pathogenesis. Organism: Human Tissue: Kidney, cortex, proximal tubule Synonyms: Hk-2, HK2, Human Kidney-2 Age: Adult Gender: Male Ethnicity: European Morphology: Epithelial Growth Properties: Adherent Citation: HK-2 (Cytion catalog number 305021) Biosafety Level: HK-2 cells are generally classified as Biosafety Level 1 in Germany (ZKBS). However, due to their immortalization with HPV-16 oncogenes, some institutions may handle them at Biosafety Level 2 as a precaution. Consult local biosafety guidelines for specific handling procedures. Ncbi_ Taxid: 9606.0 Cellosaurus Accession: CVCL_0302 Receptors Expressed: Epidermal growth factor(EGF), expressed Protein Expression: Alkaline Phosphatase, Gamma Glutamyltranspeptidase, Leucine Aminopeptidase, Acid Phosphatase, Cytokeratin, Alpha 3, Beta 1 Integrin, Fibronectin Culture Medium: EMEM (MEM Eagle), w: 2 mM L-Glutamine, w: 2.2 g/L NaHCO3, w: EBSS (Cytion article number 820100a) Supplements: Supplement the medium with 10% FBS and 1% NEAA Dissociation Reagent: Accutase Subculturing: Remove the old medium from the adherent cells and wash them with PBS that lacks calcium and magnesium. For T25 flasks, use 3-5 ml of PBS, and for T75 flasks, use 5-10 ml. Then, cover the cells completely with Accutase, using 1-2 ml for T25 flasks and 2.5 ml for T75 flasks. Let the cells incubate at room temperature for 8-10 minutes to detach them. After incubation, gently mix the cells with 10 ml of medium to resuspend them, then centrifuge at 300xg for 3 minutes. Discard the supernatant, resuspend the cells in fresh medium, and transfer them into new flasks that already contain fresh medium. Fluid Renewal: 2 to 3 times per week Freeze Medium: As a cryopreservation medium, use complete growth medium (including FBS) + 10% DMSO for adequate post-thaw viability, or CM-1 (Cytion catalog number 800100), which includes optimized osmoprotectants and metabolic stabilizers to enhance recovery and reduce cryo-induced stress. Thawing And Culturing Cells: Confirm that the vial remains deeply frozen upon delivery, as cells are shipped on dry ice to maintain optimal temperatures during transit. Upon receipt, either store the cryovial immediately at temperatures below -150°C to ensure the preservation of cellular integrity, or proceed to step 3 if immediate culturing is required. For immediate culturing, swiftly thaw the vial by immersing it in a 37°C water bath with clean water and an antimicrobial agent, agitating gently for 40-60 seconds until a small ice clump remains. Perform all subsequent steps under sterile conditions in a flow hood, disinfecting the cryovial with 70% ethanol before opening. Carefully open the disinfected vial and transfer the cell suspension into a 15 ml centrifuge tube containing 8 ml of room-temperature culture medium, mixing gently. Centrifuge the mixture at 300 x g for 3 minutes to separate the cells and carefully discard the supernatant containing residual freezing medium. Gently resuspend the cell pellet in 10 ml of fresh culture medium. For adherent cells, divide the suspension between two T25 culture flasks, for suspension cultures, transfer all the medium into one T25 flask to promote effective cell interaction and growth. Adhere to established subculture protocols for continued growth and maintenance of the cell line, ensuring reliable experimental outcomes. Sterility: Mycoplasma contamination is excluded using both PCR-based assays and luminescence-based mycoplasma detection methods. To ensure there is no bacterial, fungal, or yeast contamination, cell cultures are subjected to daily visual inspections. Safety Precautions: When planning to store a cryovial in liquid nitrogen for future thawing, it is mandatory to adhere to stringent safety measures. Appropriate protective gloves and clothing are essential, and the use of a face mask or safety goggles is required during the transfer of frozen samples to or from the liquid nitrogen tank. This is to mitigate the risk of injury from potential cryovial explosions upon removal, which can result in the projection of sharp fragments. Warranty: We stand by the promise of delivering products with high cell viability and robust culture performance. To achieve the best results, please make sure you follow the storage and culture instructions detailed in the product information sheet closely. Your adherence to these guidelines is key to success. Subject To Material Transfer Agreements: If you intend to use Cytion cell lines solely for internal research at a single research site, please complete and sign our Material Transfer Agreement (MTA) and submit it along with your order.For any commercial applications - including but not limited to fee-for-service work, quality control testing, product release, diagnostic use, or regulatory studies - please complete the Intended Use Form so we can prepare a suitable agreement tailored to your project.Please note: The MTA applies only to certain cell lines. If this notice and the MTA document appear on a product page, the agreement is applicable. For cell lines not covered by the MTA, no reference to the agreement will be shown. The MTA is not valid for customers in the Americas, China, or Taiwan. Please contact our U.S. entity to receive the appropriate agreement. Required Product 1: 820100a Required Product 3: 860015.0 Required Product 4: 830100.0