Rat P2RX7 (Purinergic Receptor P2X, Ligand Gated Ion Channel 7) ELISA Kit

The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Rat P2RX7. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Rat P2RX7. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Rat P2RX7, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Rat P2RX7 in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve. Protein Function: ATP-gated nonselective transmembrane cation channel that requires high millimolar concentrations of ATP for activation (PubMed:10204537, PubMed:39107314, PubMed:8614837). Upon ATP binding, it rapidly opens to allow the influx of small cations Na(+) and Ca(2+), and the K(+) efflux (PubMed:8614837). Also has the ability to form a large pore in the cell membrane, allowing the passage of large cationic molecules (PubMed:17036048, PubMed:18852304). In microglia, may mediate the transmembrane transport of exogenous NADPH (By similarity). In immune cells, P2RX7 acts as a molecular sensor in pathological inflammatory states by detecting and responding to high local concentrations of extracellar ATP. In microglial cells, P2RX7 activation leads to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1beta and IL-18, through the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and caspase-1. Cooperates with KCNK6 to activate NLRP3 inflammasome (By similarity). Activates death pathways leading to apoptosis and autophagy (By similarity). Activates death pathways leading to pyroptosis (By similarity) , Has a higher affinity for ATP, slower deactivation and an increased propensity to form large cation-permeable pores [The Uniprot Consortium]