Rat APLN (Apelin) ELISA Kit

This assay employs the competitive inhibition enzyme immunoassay technique. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with Rat APLN. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Rat APLN. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Rat APLN in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve. Protein Function: Peptide hormone that functions as endogenous ligand for the G-protein-coupled apelin receptor (APLNR/APJ), that plays a role in cadiovascular homeostasis (PubMed:11336787, PubMed:11359874, PubMed:26611206). Functions as a balanced agonist activating both G(i) protein pathway and beta-arrestin pathway of APLNR (By similarity). Downstream G proteins activation, apelin can inhibit cAMP production and activate key intracellular effectors such as ERKs (PubMed:26611206). On the other hand, APLNR activation induces beta-arrestin recruitment to the membrane leading to desensitization and internalization of the receptor (PubMed:11359874). Apelin blunts cardiac hypertrophic induction from APLNR on response to pathological stimuli, but also induces myocardial hypertrophy under normal conditions (By similarity). Apelin-36 dissociates more hardly than (pyroglu)apelin-13 from APLNR (PubMed:11336787). Involved in the regulation of cardiac precursor cell movements during gastrulation and heart morphogenesis (By similarity). Has an inhibitory effect on cytokine production in response to T-cell receptor/CD3 cross-linking, the oral intake of apelin in the colostrum and the milk might therefore modulate immune responses in neonates. Plays a role in early coronary blood vessels formation (By similarity). Mediates myocardial contractility in an ERK1/2-dependent manner (PubMed:11359874, PubMed:26611206). May also have a role in the central control of body fluid homeostasis by influencing vasopressin release and drinking behavior (PubMed:10617103) [The Uniprot Consortium]