Mouse GSDMD (Gasdermin D) ELISA Kit

The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Mouse GSDMD. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Mouse GSDMD. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Mouse GSDMD, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Mouse GSDMD in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve. Protein Function: Precursor of a pore-forming protein that plays a key role in host defense against pathogen infection and danger signals (PubMed:26375003, PubMed:26375259, PubMed:26611636, PubMed:27383986, PubMed:27385778, PubMed:27418190). This form constitutes the precursor of the pore-forming protein: upon cleavage, the released N-terminal moiety (Gasdermin-D, N-terminal) binds to membranes and forms pores, triggering pyroptosis (PubMed:26375003, PubMed:26375259, PubMed:26611636, PubMed:27383986, PubMed:27385778, PubMed:27418190) , Promotes pyroptosis in response to microbial infection and danger signals (PubMed:26375003, PubMed:26375259, PubMed:26611636, PubMed:27383986, PubMed:27385778, PubMed:27418190, PubMed:32820063, PubMed:34289345, PubMed:35705808, PubMed:37988464, PubMed:38530158, PubMed:38538834, PubMed:38632402). Produced by the cleavage of gasdermin-D by inflammatory caspases CASP1 or CASP4/CASP11 in response to canonical, as well as non-canonical (such as cytosolic LPS) inflammasome activators (PubMed:26375003, PubMed:26375259, PubMed:26611636, PubMed:27383986, PubMed:27385778, PubMed:27418190, PubMed:35705808, PubMed:38632402). After cleavage, moves to the plasma membrane where it strongly binds to inner leaflet lipids, including monophosphorylated phosphatidylinositols, such as phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate, bisphosphorylated phosphatidylinositols, such as phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate, as well as phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-bisphosphate, and more weakly to phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylserine (PubMed:27339137, PubMed:27383986). Homooligomerizes within the membrane and forms pores of 10-15 nanometers (nm) of inner diameter, allowing the release of mature interleukin-1 (IL1B and IL18) and triggering pyroptosis (PubMed:27383986, PubMed:29195811, PubMed:29274245, PubMed:33883744, PubMed:38530158, PubMed:38538834). Gasdermin pores also allow the release of mature caspase-7 (CASP7) (PubMed:35705808). In some, but not all, cells types, pyroptosis is followed by pyroptotic cell death, which is caused by downstream activation of ninjurin-1 (NINJ1), which mediates membrane rupture (cytolysis) (PubMed:38632402). Also forms pores in the mitochondrial membrane, resulting in release of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) into the cytosol (PubMed:37001519). Gasdermin-D, N-terminal released from pyroptotic cells into the extracellular milieu rapidly binds to and kills both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, without harming neighboring mammalian cells, as it does not disrupt the plasma membrane from the outside due to lipid-binding specificity (PubMed:27383986). Under cell culture conditions, also active against intracellular bacteria, such as Listeria monocytogenes (PubMed:27383986). Also active in response to MAP3K7/TAK1 inactivation by Yersinia toxin YopJ, which triggers cleavage by CASP8 and subsequent activation (PubMed:30361383, PubMed:30381458). Required for mucosal tissue defense against enteric pathogens (PubMed:37988464). Activation of the non-canonical inflammasome in brain endothelial cells can lead to excessive pyroptosis, leading to blood-brain barrier breakdown (PubMed:38632402). Strongly binds to bacterial and mitochondrial lipids, including cardiolipin. Does not bind to unphosphorylated phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine nor phosphatidylcholine (PubMed:27383986) , Transcription coactivator produced by the cleavage by CASP3 or CASP7 in the upper small intestine in response to dietary antigens (PubMed:37327784). Required to maintain food tolerance in small intestine: translocates to the nucleus and acts as a coactivator for STAT1 to induce the transcription of CIITA and MHC class II molecules, which in turn induce type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells in upper small intestine (PubMed:37327784) , Produced by the cleavage by papain allergen (PubMed:35794369). After cleavage, moves to the plasma membrane and homooligomerizes within the membrane and forms pores of 10-15 nanometers (nm) of inner diameter, allowing the specific release of mature interleukin-33 (IL33), promoting type 2 inflammatory immune response (PubMed:35749514, PubMed:35794369) [The Uniprot Consortium]