Mouse BMP4 (Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4) ELISA (Small Sample Volume)

The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Mouse BMP4. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Mouse BMP4. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Mouse BMP4, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Mouse BMP4 in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve. Protein Function: Growth factor of the TGF-beta superfamily that plays essential roles in many developmental processes, including neurogenesis, vascular development, angiogenesis and osteogenesis (PubMed:10049358, PubMed:14973287, PubMed:15206957). Acts in concert with PTHLH/PTHRP to stimulate ductal outgrowth during embryonic mammary development and to inhibit hair follicle induction (PubMed:17301089). Initiates the canonical BMP signaling cascade by associating with type I receptor BMPR1A and type II receptor BMPR2. Once all three components are bound together in a complex at the cell surface, BMPR2 phosphorylates and activates BMPR1A. In turn, BMPR1A propagates signal by phosphorylating SMAD1/5/8 that travel to the nucleus and act as activators and repressors of transcription of target genes. Positively regulates the expression of odontogenic development regulator MSX1 via inducing the IPO7-mediated import of SMAD1 to the nucleus (PubMed:34995814). Required for MSX1-mediated mesenchymal molar tooth bud development beyond the bud stage, via promoting Wnt signaling (PubMed:27713059, PubMed:8898217). Acts as a positive regulator of odontoblast differentiation during mesenchymal tooth germ formation, expression is repressed during the bell stage by MSX1-mediated inhibition of CTNNB1 signaling (PubMed:29148101). Able to induce its own expression in dental mesenchymal cells and also in the neighboring dental epithelial cells via an MSX1-mediated pathway (PubMed:8898217). Can also signal through non-canonical BMP pathways such as ERK/MAP kinase, PI3K/Akt or SRC cascades. For example, induces SRC phosphorylation which, in turn, activates VEGFR2, leading to an angiogenic response (By similarity) [The Uniprot Consortium]