Human ICOS (Inducible T-Cell Co Stimulator) Microsample ELISA Kit

The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Human ICOS. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Human ICOS. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Human ICOS, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Human ICOS in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.Detection Range: 15.63-1000 pg/mL. Sensitivity: 5.7 pg/mL. Assay Type: Sandwich. Standard: 1000 pg/mL. Sample Type: sserum, plasma, urine, cell lysates and other biological fluids. Assay duration: 3.5h. Protein Function: Stimulatory receptor expressed in activated or antigen-experienced T-cells that plays an important role in the immune response (PubMed:9930702). Upon binding to its ligand ICOSL expressed on antigen presenting cells (APCs), delivers costimulatory signals that enhances all basic T-cell responses to a foreign antigen, namely proliferation, secretion of lymphokines including IL10, up-regulation of molecules that mediate cell-cell interaction, and effective help for antibody secretion by B-cells (PubMed:33033255). Also acts as a costimulatory receptor critical for the differentiation of T follicular regulatory cells upon immune challenges such as viral infection (PubMed:27135603). Mechanistically, potentiates TCR-induced calcium flux by augmenting PLCG1 activation and actin remodeling (By similarity). In addition, activates PI3K signaling pathways independently of calcium flux (PubMed:30523347). Essential both for efficient interaction between T and B-cells and for normal antibody responses to T-cell dependent antigens. Prevents the apoptosis of pre-activated T-cells. Plays a critical role in CD40-mediated class switching of immunoglobin isotypes (By similarity) [The Uniprot Consortium]