Anti-Human SMAD5 Antibody Pair

Product Description: Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 5 (SMAD5) is a member of the SMAD protein family, which are intracellular signaling molecules that mediate the effects of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathways. SMAD5 is primarily involved in regulating gene expression during embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. It acts as a transcription factor, translocating to the nucleus upon activation by BMPs, where it influences various developmental processes. Dysregulation of SMAD5 has been linked to several diseases, particularly skeletal disorders and cancers, mutations in the SMAD5 gene can lead to conditions such as pulmonary arterial hypertension and have been associated with certain types of leukemia. Additionally, aberrant SMAD5 signaling can contribute to tumorigenesis by promoting cell proliferation and survival. Protein Function: Transcriptional regulator that plays a role in various cellular processes including embryonic development, cell differentiation, angiogenesis and tissue homeostasis (PubMed:12064918, PubMed:16516194). Upon BMP ligand binding to their receptors at the cell surface, is phosphorylated by activated type I BMP receptors (BMPRIs) and associates with SMAD4 to form a heteromeric complex which translocates into the nucleus acting as transcription factor (PubMed:9442019). In turn, the hetero-trimeric complex recognizes cis-regulatory elements containing Smad Binding Elements (SBEs) to modulate the outcome of the signaling network (PubMed:33510867). Non-phosphorylated SMAD5 has a cytoplasmic role in energy metabolism regulation by promoting mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis in response to cytoplasmic pH changes (PubMed:28675158). Mechanistically, interacts with hexokinase 1/HK1 and thereby accelerates glycolysis (PubMed:28675158) [The Uniprot Consortium]