Anti-Human S100B Antibody Pair

Product Description: S100B is a calcium-binding protein that is primarily found in astrocytes in the nervous system. It has been implicated in a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders. S100B has both neurotrophic and apoptotic effects, depending on its extracellular concentration. At low concentrations, S100B can have beneficial effects, such as improving redox state, suppressing neuroinflammation, and enhancing nerve impulse transmission. However, at higher concentrations, S100B can stimulate the caspase pathway, leading to increased production of reactive oxygen species and cytotoxicity. This dual role of S100B has led to the hypothesis that its dysregulation may contribute to the pathogenesis of various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and traumatic brain injury. Elevated levels of S100B have been observed in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with these conditions, making it a potential biomarker for disease severity, progression, and response to treatment. Protein Function: Small zinc- and- and calcium-binding protein that is highly expressed in astrocytes and constitutes one of the most abundant soluble proteins in brain (PubMed:20950652, PubMed:6487634). Weakly binds calcium but binds zinc very tightly-distinct binding sites with different affinities exist for both ions on each monomer (PubMed:20950652, PubMed:6487634). Physiological concentrations of potassium ion antagonize the binding of both divalent cations, especially affecting high-affinity calcium-binding sites (By similarity). Acts as a neurotrophic factor that promotes astrocytosis and axonal proliferation (By similarity). Involved in innervation of thermogenic adipose tissue by acting as an adipocyte-derived neurotrophic factor that promotes sympathetic innervation of adipose tissue (By similarity). Binds to and initiates the activation of STK38 by releasing autoinhibitory intramolecular interactions within the kinase (By similarity). Interaction with AGER after myocardial infarction may play a role in myocyte apoptosis by activating ERK1/2 and p53/TP53 signaling (By similarity). Could assist ATAD3A cytoplasmic processing, preventing aggregation and favoring mitochondrial localization (PubMed:20351179). May mediate calcium-dependent regulation on many physiological processes by interacting with other proteins, such as TPR-containing proteins, and modulating their activity (PubMed:22399290) [The Uniprot Consortium]