Dulbecco's MEM (DMEM) Ham's F-12 (Powder)

Dulbecco's MEM is the most widely used modification of BME. It contains a 4-fold higher concentration of amino acids and vitamins. Non-essential amino acids and certain essential trace elements were added. The bicarbonate concentration was increased. The standard formula for DMEM is with 1000mg/ml glucose. DMEM "High Glucose" with 4500mg/ml aides in the cultivation of certain cell types. DMEM was originally developed for the culture of mice embryonic cells. Today, it finds a broad application of serum free culture of normal and transformed mouse and chicken cells., , Ham's Nutrient Mixtures were originally developed to support growth of several clones of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, of HeLa and of mouse L-cells. Ham's mixtures were formulated for use with or without serum supplementation, depending on the cell type being cultured. Ham's F-12 was developed for growth of primary rat hepatocytes and rat prostate epithelial cells. It is also used in a clonal toxicity assay using CHO cells.