Recombinant Human High Mobility Group Protein B1/HMGB1 (C-6His)

Source: Human Cells. MW :25.93kD. Recombinant Human High Mobility Group Protein B1 is produced by our Mammalian expression system and the target gene encoding Gly2-Glu215 is expressed with a 6His tag at the C-terminus. High mobility group protein B1 is a member of the HMGB family consisting of three members, HMGB1, HMGB2 and HMGB3.It Contains 2 HMG box DNA-binding domains entitled box A and box B and It is a highly negative-charged C terminus. As a nuclear protein, HMGB1 stabilizes nucleosomes and allows bending of DNA that facilitates gene transcription which is essential for individual survival. Meanwhile, it is revealed that HMGB1 can also act as a cytokine extracellularlly and regulates monocyte, T cell, dendritic cell activities in inflammatory responses. Protein function: Multifunctional redox sensitive protein with various roles in different cellular compartments. In the nucleus is one of the major chromatin-associated non-histone proteins and acts as a DNA chaperone involved in replication, transcription, chromatin remodeling, V(D)J recombination, DNA repair and genome stability. Proposed to be an universal biosensor for nucleic acids. Promotes host inflammatory response to sterile and infectious signals and is involved in the coordination and integration of innate and adaptive immune responses. In the cytoplasm functions as sensor and/or chaperone for immunogenic nucleic acids implicating the activation of TLR9-mediated immune responses, and mediates autophagy. Acts as danger associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule that amplifies immune responses during tissue injury (PubMed:27362237). Released to the extracellular environment can bind DNA, nucleosomes, IL-1 beta, CXCL12, AGER isoform 2/sRAGE, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA), and activates cells through engagement of multiple surface receptors. In the extracellular compartment fully reduced HMGB1 (released by necrosis) acts as a chemokine, disulfide HMGB1 (actively secreted) as a cytokine, and sulfonyl HMGB1 (released from apoptotic cells) promotes immunological tolerance (PubMed:23519706, PubMed:23446148, PubMed:23994764, PubMed:25048472). Has proangiogdenic activity. May be involved in platelet activation. Binds to phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamide. Bound to RAGE mediates signaling for neuronal outgrowth. May play a role in accumulation of expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) proteins such as huntingtin (HTT) or TBP (PubMed:23303669, PubMed:25549101). [The UniProt Consortium]