Anti-phospho-Smad1 (Ser463,465) (Small Mothers against Decapentaplegic Deleted in Pancreatic

SMAD1 is also known Mothers Against Decapentaplegic homolog 1, Mothers against DPP , homolog 1, hSMAD-3, JV4-1, Transforming growth factor-Beta- Signaling Protein 1 or BSP1. SMAD proteins are signal transducers and transcriptional modulators that mediate multiple , signaling pathways. SMAD1, as a transcriptional modulator, is activated by BMP (Bone Morphogenetic Protein) type 1 receptor kinase (it is a receptor-regulated SMAD or R-SMAD). BMPs are involved in a range of biological activities including cell growth, apoptosis, morphogenesis, development and immune responses. SMAD proteins have been implicated as , downstream effectors of TGF beta/BMP signaling. In response to BMP ligands, SMAD1 can be phosphorylated (other sites besides the most prominent of S206, are S187, S195, and S214). S-206 is phosphorylated by ERK in response to mitogenic growth factors, or by recombinant ERK in vitro, this can be tested by treating cells with EGF or in cancer cells where Ras is activated. The phosphorylated form of this protein forms a complex with SMAD4, which is important for its function in the transcription regulation. This protein is also a target for SMAD-specific E3 ubiquitin ligases, such as SMURF1 and SMURF2, and undergoes ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation. Applications: Suitable for use in ELISA and Western Blot. Other applications not tested. Recommended Dilution: ELISA: 1:25,000-1:30,000, Western Blot: 1:500, Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher. Storage and Stability: May be stored at 4°C for short-term only. For long-term storage and to avoid repeated freezing and thawing, add sterile 40-50% glycerol, aliquot and store at -20°C. Aliquots are stable for at least 12 months at -20°C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.