Anti-phospho-MAP Kinase p44/42, (Erk1/2) (Thr202/Tyr204) (MAPK, Erk1/2, Extracellular Signal Regulat

The extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1 and ERK2), also called p44 and p42 MAP kinases, are members of the Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) family of proteins found in all eukaryotes. Because the 44kD ERK1 and the 42kD ERK2 are highly homologous and both function in the same protein kinase cascade, the two proteins are often referred to collectively as ERK1/2 or p44/p42 MAP kinase (1). They are both located in the cytosol and mitochondria (2). While the role of cytosol ERK1/2 is well studied and involved in multiple cellular functions (2), the role of mitochondrial ERK1/2 remains poorly understood. Both ERK 1 and 2 are activated by MEK1 or MEK2, by dual phosphorylation of a threonine and tyrosine residue in the activation loop (TEY motif) (1, 3). Either phosphorylation alone can induce an electrophoretic mobility shift, but both are required for activation of the kinase. This dual phosphorylation is efficiently detected by phosphorylation state-specific antibody directed to , the pTEpY motif. Once activated, MAP kinases phosphorylate a broad spectrum of substrates, including cytoskeletal proteins, translation regulators, transcription factors, and the Rsk family of protein kinases (4). ERK1/2 activation is generally thought to confer a survival advantage to cells (5), however there is increasing evidence that suggests that the activation of ERK1/2 also contributes to cell death under certain conditions (5). ERK1/2 also is activated in neuronal and , renal epithelial cells upon exposure to oxidative stress and toxicants or deprivation of growth factors, and inhibition of the ERK pathway blocks apoptosis (5). Applications: Suitable for use in Flow Cytometry, Western Blot, Immunohistochemistry and Immunocytochemistry. Other applications not tested. Recommended Dilution: Flow Cytometry: 10ug/ml, Western Blot: 1:5000 , Immunohistochemistry:1:50 , Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher. Storage and Stability: May be stored at 4°C for short-term only. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20°C. Aliquots are stable for at least 12 months. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.