Anti-CD163, clone M130/8821R

0.2 mg/ml in 1X PBS with 0.1 mg/ml BSA (US sourced), 0.05% sodium azide. CD163 is a type I membrane protein, and is a member of the hemoglobin scavenger receptor cystein-rich superfamily. The protein is involved in the clearance of hemoglobin-haptoglobin complexes and is considered to have anti-inflammatory functions. CD163 expression is restricted to the monocytic/macrophage lineage. It is expressed by all circulating monocytes and by a majority of tissue macrophages, such as splenic dendrocytes, alveolar macrophages and Kupffer cells of the liver. It is not present in macrophages in the mantle zone and some of the germinal center cells in lymph follicles, nor in Langerhans cells and interdigitating reticulum cells. In tumor tissues, CD163 is found in almost all cases of acute myeloid leukemia with monocytoid differentiation and in the majority of cases of histiocytic sarcoma, littoral cell angioma, Rosai-Dorfman disease, Langerhans cell histiocytosis and typical and atypical fibrous histiocytoma. It is also expressed in some cases of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. CD163 can be used to detect cells of monocytic and histiocyte lineage in neoplastic and reactive lesions. It has been shown to be more sensitive than CD68 for the detection of macrophages and monocytic cells. It covers a similar, but not identical, spectrum of cells as CD68. Protein function: Acute phase-regulated receptor involved in clearance and endocytosis of hemoglobin/haptoglobin complexes by macrophages and may thereby protect tissues from free hemoglobin-mediated oxidative damage. May play a role in the uptake and recycling of iron, via endocytosis of hemoglobin/haptoglobin and subsequent breakdown of heme. Binds hemoglobin/haptoglobin complexes in a calcium-dependent and pH- dependent manner. Exhibits a higher affinity for complexes of hemoglobin and multimeric haptoglobin of HP*1F phenotype than for complexes of hemoglobin and dimeric haptoglobin of HP*1S phenotype. Induces a cascade of intracellular signals that involves tyrosine kinase-dependent calcium mobilization, inositol triphosphate production and secretion of IL6 and CSF1. Isoform 3 exhibits the higher capacity for ligand endocytosis and the more pronounced surface expression when expressed in cells. [The UniProt Consortium]