Anti-Atg16

The protein encoded by this gene is part of a large protein complex that is necessary for autophagy, the major process by which intracellular components are targeted to lysosomes for degradation. Defects in this gene are a cause of susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease type 10 (IBD10). Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010], Protein function: Plays an essential role in both canonical and non-canonical autophagy: interacts with ATG12-ATG5 to mediate the lipidation to ATG8 family proteins (MAP1LC3A, MAP1LC3B, MAP1LC3C, GABARAPL1, GABARAPL2 and GABARAP) (PubMed:23376921, PubMed:23392225, PubMed:29317426, PubMed:30778222, PubMed:33909989, PubMed:24553140, PubMed:24954904, PubMed:27273576). Acts as a molecular hub, coordinating autophagy pathways via distinct domains that support either canonical or non- canonical signaling (PubMed:29317426, PubMed:30778222). During canonical autophagy, interacts with ATG12-ATG5 to mediate the conjugation of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) to ATG8 proteins, to produce a membrane-bound activated form of ATG8 (PubMed:23376921, PubMed:23392225, PubMed:24553140, PubMed:24954904, PubMed:27273576). Thereby, controls the elongation of the nascent autophagosomal membrane (PubMed:23376921, PubMed:23392225, PubMed:24553140, PubMed:24954904, PubMed:27273576). Also involved in non-canonical autophagy, a parallel pathway involving conjugation of ATG8 proteins to single membranes at endolysosomal compartments, probably by catalyzing conjugation of phosphatidylserine (PS) to ATG8 (PubMed:33909989). Non-canonical autophagy plays a key role in epithelial cells to limit lethal infection by influenza A (IAV) virus. Regulates mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS)-dependent type I interferon (IFN-I) production (PubMed:22749352, PubMed:25645662). Negatively regulates NOD1- and NOD2-driven inflammatory cytokine response (PubMed:24238340). Instead, promotes an autophagy-dependent antibacterial pathway together with NOD1 or NOD2 (PubMed:20637199). Plays a role in regulating morphology and function of Paneth cell (PubMed:18849966). [The UniProt Consortium] Recommended dilutions: Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. ELISA: 1/5000. Not yet tested in other applications.. Cellular localization: Cytoplasm . Preautophagosomal structure membrane , Peripheral membrane protein . Endosome membrane , Peripheral membrane protein . Lysosome membrane , Peripheral membrane protein . Recruited to omegasomes membranes by WIPI2 (By similarity). Omegasomes are endoplasmic reticulum connected strutures at the origin of preautophagosomal structures (By similarity). Localized to preautophagosomal structure (PAS) where it is involved in the membrane targeting of ATG5 (By similarity). Localizes also to discrete punctae along the ciliary axoneme (By similarity). Upon activation of non-canonical autophagy, recruited to single-membrane endolysosomal compartments (PubMed:29317426). .