TNF-alpha / TNFA Protein (recombinant rat)

Activity: Measured in a cytotoxicity assay using L929 mouse fibrosarcoma cells in the presence of metabolic inhibitor actinomycin D. The ED50 for this effect is typically 20-80 pg/ml. Protein Construction: A DNA sequence encoding the mature form of rat TNFa (P16599) (Leu 80-Leu 235) was expressed and purified, with an initial Met at the N-terminus. Sequence: Leu 80-Leu 235. Endotoxin: Please contact us for more information. Apparent Molecular Mass: 15 kDa. Protein function: Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), also known as TNF, TNFA or TNFSF2, is the prototypic cytokine of the TNF superfamily, and is a multifunctional molecule involved in the regulation of a wide spectrum of biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, lipid metabolism, and coagulation. Two receptors, TNF-R1 (TNF receptor type 1, CD120a, p55/60) and TNF-R2 (TNF receptor type 2, CD120b, p75/80), bind to TNF-alpha. TNF-alpha protein is produced mainly by macrophages, and large amounts of this cytokine are released in response to lipopolysaccharide, other bacterial products, and Interleukin-1 (IL-1). TNF-alpha is involved in fighting against the tumorigenesis, thus, is regarded as a molecular insight in cancer treatment. Protein function: Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. It is mainly secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. It is potent pyrogen causing fever by direct action or by stimulation of interleukin-1 secretion and is implicated in the induction of cachexia, Under certain conditions it can stimulate cell proliferation and induce cell differentiation. Induces insulin resistance in adipocytes via inhibition of insulin-induced IRS1 tyrosine phosphorylation and insulin-induced glucose uptake. Induces GKAP42 protein degradation in adipocytes which is partially responsible for TNF-induced insulin resistance. [The UniProt Consortium]