Valerenic Acid

Valerenic acid is a sesquiterpenoid that has been found in V. officinalis and has diverse biological activities. It selectively transactivates retinoid X receptor beta (RXRbeta) over RXRalpha and RXRgamma in reporter assays using HEK293T cells (EC50s = 5.2, 27, and 43 µM, respectively), as well as the retinoic acid receptors (RARs), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), liver X receptors (LXRs), farnesoid X receptor (FXR), constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), vitamin D receptor (VDR), and pregnane X receptor (PXR) at 30 µM. Valerenic acid also enhances GABA-induced activation of alpha1beta2gamma2-subunit containing GABA receptors in CHO cells (EC50 = 12.6 µM). It is cytotoxic to GLC-4 lung and COLO 320 colon cancer cells (IC50s = 127 and 124 µM, respectively). Valerenic acid (100 mg/kg, i.p.) decreases motor performance in the rotarod test and increases pentobarbital-induced sleeping time in mice. It increases the number of entries into and percentage of time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze in mice, indicating anxiolytic-like activity, when administered at a dose of 12 mg/kg.Formal Name: (2E)-3-[(4S,7R,7aR)-2,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3,7-dimethyl-1H-inden-4-yl]-2-methyl-2-propenoic acid. CAS Number: 3569-10-6. Molecular Formula: C15H22O2. Formula Weight: 234.3. Purity: >98%. Formulation: (Request formulation change), A solid. Solubility: Ethanol: Soluble. SMILES: [H][C@@]12[C@H](C)CC[C@@H](/C=C(C(O)=O)\C)C1=C(CC2)C. InChi Code: InChI=1S/C15H22O2/c1-9-4-6-12(8-11(3)15(16)17)14-10(2)5-7-13(9)14/h8-9,12-13H,4-7H2,1-3H3,(H,16,17)/b11-8+/t9-,12+,13-/m1/s1. InChi Key: FEBNTWHYQKGEIQ-SUKRRCERSA-N. Origin: Plant/Valeriana officinalis L..