Anti-HMGB1 (High Mobility Group Protein B1, High Mobility Group Protein 1, HMG-1, HMG1)

Human High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), previously known as HMG-1 or amphoterin, is a member of the high mobility group box family of non-histone chromosomal proteins. Human HMGB1 is expressed as a 25-30kD, 215aa single chain polypeptide containing three domains: two N-terminal globular, 70aa positively charged DNA binding domains (HMG boxes A and B), and a negatively charged 30aa C-terminal region that contains only Asp and Glu. Aa27-43 and 178-184 contain a NLS. Posttranslational modifications of the molecule have been reported, with acetylation occurring on as many as 17 lysine residues. HMGB1 is expressed at high levels in almost all cells. It was originally discovered as a nuclear protein that could bend DNA. Such bending stabilizes nucleosome formation and regulates the expression of select genes upon recruitment by DNA binding proteins. It is now known that HMGB1can also act extracellularly, both as an inflammatory mediator that promotes monocyte migration and cytokine secretion, and as a mediator of T cell-dendritic cell interaction. The cytokine activity of HBMG1 is restricted to the HMG B box, while the A box is associated with the helix-loop-helix domain of transcription factors. HMBG1 is released in response to cell death and as a secretion product. Although HMBG 1 does not possess a classic signal sequence, it appears to be secreted as an acetylated form via secretory endolysosome exocytosis. Once secreted, HMGB1 transduces cellular signals through its high affinity receptor, RAGE and, possibly, TLR2 and TLR4. Human HMGB1 is 100% aa identical to canine HMGB1 and 99% aa identical to mouse, rat, bovine and porcine HMGB1, respectively. Applications: Suitable for use in Western Blot Other applications not tested. Recommended Dilution: Western Blot: 1ug/ml, Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher. Storage and Stability: Lyophilized powder may be stored at -20°C. Stable for 12 months at -20°C. Reconstitute with sterile PBS. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20°C. Reconstituted product is stable for 12 months at -20°C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.