Anti-Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta (GSK3b)

Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3), a serine-threonine kinase with two isoforms (alpha and beta), was originally discovered as a key enzyme in glycogen metabolism. GSK-3 was subsequently shown to function in cell division, proliferation, motility and survival. GSK-3 plays a role in a number of pathological conditions including cancer and diabetes and is increasingly seen as an important component of neurological diseases. GSK-3 phosphorylates tau and presenilin-1, which are involved in the development of Alzheimer's disease. Both isoforms of GSK-3 are ubiquitously expressed, although particularly high levels of GSK-3beta are found in the brain where it is involved in synaptic plasticity, possibly via regulation of NMDA receptor trafficking. GSK-3 phosphorylates over 40 different substrates including signaling proteins, transcription factors and structural proteins, and is part of the signal transduction cascade of a large number of growth factors and cytokines. The activity of GSK is regulated by phosphorylation (Akt: Akt-mediated phosphorylation at Ser21 of GSK-3alpha and Ser9 of GSK-3beta, S6K, RSK, PKA and PKC), dephosphorylation (PP1 and PP2A), and by binding to protein complexes (with beta-catenin, axin, CK1 and the APC complex). Applications: Suitable for use in ELISA, Western Blot and Immunohistochemistry. Other applications not tested. Recommended Dilution: ELISA: 1:10,000, Western Blot: 1:500-1:2000, Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin): 1: 4000-1:10,000, Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher. Storage and Stability: May be stored at 4°C for short-term only. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20°C. Aliquots are stable for at least 12 months. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.