BMP-2 (human), animal-free recombinant

Product Description: Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) are part of the TGF-beta superfamily, a group of structurally related signaling proteins. Among them, BMP-2 stands out as a potent osteoinductive cytokine, capable of prompting bone and cartilage formation when coupled with osteoconductive carriers like collagen and synthetic hydroxyapatite. Besides its role in osteogenesis, BMP-2 contributes significantly to cardiac morphogenesis and is expressed in various tissues such as the lung, spleen, brain, liver, prostate, ovary, and small intestine. The active form of BMP-2 is a 26 kDa protein made up of two identical 114 amino acid polypeptide chains connected by a single disulfide bond. Each BMP-2 monomer is part of a precursor polypeptide, featuring a 23 amino acid signal sequence for secretion and a 259 amino acid propeptide. Upon precursor dimerization, a furin-type protease cleaves the covalent bonds between the propeptide (also a disulfide-linked homodimer) and the mature BMP-2 ligand. Recombinant Human/Murine/Rat BMP-2 is a 26.0 kDa homodimeric protein composed of two 115 amino acid polypeptide chains. . Amino acid sequence: MQAKHKQRKR LKSSCKRHPL YVDFSDVGWN DWIVAPPGYH AFYCHGECPF PLADHLNSTN HAIVQTLVNS VNSKIPKACC VPTELSAISM LYLDENEKVV LKNYQDMVVE GCGCR. Endotoxin concentration: <0.1 EU/µg. Activity: Determined by its ability to induce alkaline phosphatase production by ATDC-5 cells. The expected ED50 for this effect is 0.5-1.0 ug/ml. Contains no preservative. Protein function: Induces cartilage and bone formation (PubMed:3201241). Stimulates the differentiation of myoblasts into osteoblasts via the EIF2AK3-EIF2A- ATF4 pathway. BMP2 activation of EIF2AK3 stimulates phosphorylation of EIF2A which leads to increased expression of ATF4 which plays a central role in osteoblast differentiation. In addition stimulates TMEM119, which upregulates the expression of ATF4 (PubMed:24362451). [The UniProt Consortium]