Anti-phospho-SMAD3, (S213) (Mothers Against Decapentaplegic Homolog 3, SMAD 3, Mothers Against DPP H

SMAD3, a receptor regulated SMAD (R-SMAD) is a transcriptional modulator activated by TGF-beta (transforming growth factor) and activin type 1 receptor kinase. SMAD3 is estimated to account for at least 80% of all TGF-beta-mediated response. Activated type I receptor phosphorylates receptor-activated SMADS (RSMADS) at their c-terminal two extreme serines in the SSXS motif. The phosphorylated R-SMAD translocate into nucleus, where they regulate transcription of target genes. SMAD3 signal transduction appears to be important in the rgulation of muscle-specific genes. Loss of SMAD3 is a feature of pediatric T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia, while upregulation of SMAD3 may be responsible for TGFB hyperresponsiveness observed in scleroderma. Applications: Suitable for use in ELISA, Western Blot, and Immunohistochemistry. Other applications not tested. Recommended Dilution: ELISA: 1:1,000, Western Blot: 1:100-1:500, Immunohistochemistry: 1:50-1:100, Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher. Storage and Stability: May be stored at 4°C for short-term only. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20°C. Aliquots are stable for at least 12 months. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.