Anti-S100B

S100B is a member of the S100 family of proteins containing 2 EF-hand calcium-binding motifs and has been implicated in the regulation of cellular activities such as metabolism, motility and proliferation. In the nervous system, S100B is constitutively released by astrocytes into the extracellular space and at nanomolar concentrations, it can promote neurite outgrowth and protect neurons against oxidative stress. Within the central nervous system (CNS), S100B is thought to be a marker for astroglial activation, linking astrocyte dysfunction to schizophrenia. In addition to astrocytes, S100B is released from many cell types, such as, adipocytes, chondrocytes, cardiomyocytes and lymphocytes. Serum S100B represents a new bomarker for mood disorders. Protein function: Small zinc- and- and calcium-binding protein that is highly expressed in astrocytes and constitutes one of the most abundant soluble proteins in brain (PubMed:14621986, PubMed:15823027, PubMed:18949447, PubMed:20351179). Weakly binds calcium but binds zinc very tightly-distinct binding sites with different affinities exist for both ions on each monomer (PubMed:15823027). Physiological concentrations of potassium ion antagonize the binding of both divalent cations, especially affecting high-affinity calcium-binding sites. Acts as a neurotrophic factor that promotes astrocytosis and axonal proliferation. Involved in innervation of thermogenic adipose tissue by acting as an adipocyte-derived neurotrophic factor that promotes sympathetic innervation of adipose tissue. Binds to and initiates the activation of STK38 by releasing autoinhibitory intramolecular interactions within the kinase. Interaction with AGER after myocardial infarction may play a role in myocyte apoptosis by activating ERK1/2 and p53/TP53 signaling (PubMed:19910580). Could assist ATAD3A cytoplasmic processing, preventing aggregation and favoring mitochondrial localization. May mediate calcium- dependent regulation on many physiological processes by interacting with other proteins, such as TPR-containing proteins, and modulating their activity. [The UniProt Consortium]