VEGF165 (E. coli-derived) Recombinant (Human)

Recombinant human Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor 165 (VEGF165), encompassing amino acids 27-191. This construct is tag-free and was affinity purified. VEGF165 (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor 165), a potent isoform of VEGF-A, belongs to the VEGF family of homodimer glycoproteins and is produced and secreted by various cells when angiogenesis is required. Angiogenesis involves endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and formation of blood vessels, which under normal conditions serve to provide nutrients and oxygen to tissues during development or wound healing. However, tumor cells can promote new blood vessel formation by secreting pro-angiogenesis factors. VEGF-A can bind to both VEGFR1 (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 1) and VEGFR2, also known as KDR (kinase insert domain receptor), on the surface of endothelial cells or cancer cells. VEGFR2 is considered the main signaling receptor, while VEGFR1 leads to a weak signaling and can be seen as a decoy receptor. Ligand binding induces VEGFR2 receptor dimerization and activates its tyrosine kinase activity. As a result, multiple downstream signaling cascades, including the MAPK (mitogen activated protein kinase) pathway, get activated. The VEGF-VEGFR signal pathway has been a significant target in therapeutic strategies aimed at controlling angiogenesis in diseases like cancer and AMD (age macular degeneration), and several small molecules, neutralizing antibodies and blockers have been FDA-approved. However, the development of drug resistance is still a challenge. The use of combinatory therapy or development of new generation drugs will continue to benefit cancer therapy.