GDF-9, mouse recombinant (rmGDF-9), BSA Free

Mouse GDF-9 Growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF-9) is a member of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily, and is an oocyte secreted paracrine factor essential for mammalian ovarian folliculogenesis (1-2). Mouse GDF-9 is synthesized as a 441aa , prepropeptide that contains a 29aa signal sequence, a 277aa propeptide, and a 135aa mature chain (SwissProt # Q07105). Residues 340-441 constitute a TGF-beta like domain. In addition, there is one potential site of N-linked glycosylation in the mature chain. Unlike other members of the TGF-beta superfamily, GDF-9 lacks the conserved cysteine residue that is believed to form the sole disulfide linkage between subunits in other family members (3). Mature mouse GDF-9 shares 90% aa sequence identity with mature human GDF-9. The protein is expressed throughout the development of the maturing follicle (2). GDF-9 functions as a paracrine factor in the regulation of granulosa cell proliferation and differentiation, and is essential for fertility (2, 4). Studies on GDF-9 null mice have demonstrated arrested follicular development at the primary follicle stage (5). Mouse GDF-9 induces Smad2 phosphorylation and inhibin production in rat , diethylstilbestrol-treated granulosa cells (6) and in human granulosa-luteal cells (7). The downstream signaling actions of GDF-9 are mediated by the type I receptor, activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5), initiating the subsequent activation of Smad2 and Smad3 (2, 8). GDF-9 uses the BMP type II receptor (BMPRII) as its other signaling receptor (2, 9). 100ng/ml of rmGDF-9 can effectively induce Smad2 phosphorylation. , Source: , A DNA sequence encoding mouse GDF-9 (Met 1-Arg 441, Accession #AAA53035) was expressed in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells. Molecular Mass: Based on N-terminal amino acid sequencing, the recombinant mouse GDF-9 starts at Gly 307, and has a predicted molecular mass of 15.6kD. The recombinant mouse GDF-9 migrates as an approximately 20kD protein in SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions. , MW: 15.6kD, Activity: Measured by its ability to induce Smad2 phosphorylation in P19 cells (Mazerbourg, S., et al. 2004. Mol. Endocrinol. 18:653). 100ng/ml of rmGDF-9 can effectively induce Smad2 phosphorylation. Endotoxin: < 1EU/1ug (LAL) , Storage and Stability:, 12 months from date of receipt, 20 to 70°C as supplied., 1 month, 2 to 8°C under sterile conditions after reconstitution., 3 months, 20 to 70°C under sterile conditions after reconstitution., Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.