Kinsenoside

Kinsenoside is a glycoside originally isolated from A. formosanus that has diverse biological activities, including antihyperlipidemic, immunosuppressive, and anti-inflammatory properties. It increases lipolysis mediated by adipose triglyceride lipase and increases hydrolysis of triglycerides in C3H10T1/2 adipocytes. It also increases phosphorylation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) and CREB as well as protein levels of SIRT1, PGC-1alpha, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I. Kinsenoside downregulates the expression and phosphorylation of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and inhibits crosstalk between the JAK2/STAT3 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways in dendritic cells in vitro. It decreases the production of IFN-gamma, IL-17, and TNF-alpha and increases the production of IL-10 in splenocytes isolated from mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Kinsenoside (300 mg/kg per day) decreases the expression of IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and increases the expression of IL-10 in inflamed joints in a mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis and prevents paw edema and reduces the severity of arthritis.Formal Name: 4R-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone. CAS Number: 151870-74-5. Synonyms: (+)-Kinsenoside. Molecular Formula: C10H16O8. Formula Weight: 264.2. Purity: >95%. Formulation: (Request formulation change), A crystalline solid. Solubility: DMF: 14 mg/ml, DMSO: 16 mg/ml, PBS (pH 7.2): 10 mg/ml. SMILES: OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@]2([H])CC(OC2)=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O. InChi Code: InChI=1S/C10H16O8/c11-2-5-7(13)8(14)9(15)10(18-5)17-4-1-6(12)16-3-4/h4-5,7-11,13-15H,1-3H2/t4-,5-,7-,8+,9-,10-/m1/s1. InChi Key: MQEPWBMWFIVRPS-ZGSHZZHUSA-N.