AICAR

AICAR is an activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). It increases AMPK kinase activity in isolated hepatocytes (EC50 = ~500 µM) and reduces HMG-CoA reductase activity and fatty acid and sterol synthesis in these cells. AICAR (0.5 mM) inhibits insulin-stimulated glucose uptake to 62% of control cells and reduces GLUT4 translocation by 2.5-fold in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In astrocyte-enriched glial cells, AICAR (1 mM) prevents increases in protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), COX-2, and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) induced by LPS and amyloid-beta (Abeta) (25-35) and expression of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 induced by LPS and Abeta42. AICAR inhibits autophagy in rat hepatocytes (IC50 = 0.3 mM) and induces apoptosis in rat beta cells in a concentration-dependent manner.Formal Name: 5-amino-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide. CAS Number: 2627-69-2. Synonyms: Acadesine, AICA-Riboside, NSC 105823. Molecular Formula: C9H14N4O5. Formula Weight: 258.2. Purity: >98%. Formulation: (Request formulation change), A crystalline solid. Solubility: DMF: 10 mg/ml, DMSO: 20 mg/ml, Ethanol: 1 mg/ml, PBS (pH 7.2): 2 mg/ml. lambdamax: 268 nm. SMILES: OC[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](N2C(N)=C(C(N)=O)N=C2)O1. InChi Code: InChI=1S/C9H14N4O5/c10-7-4(8(11)17)12-2-13(7)9-6(16)5(15)3(1-14)18-9/h2-3,5-6,9,14-16H,1,10H2,(H2,11,17)/t3-,5-,6-,9-/m1/s1. InChi Key: RTRQQBHATOEIAF-UUOKFMHZSA-N.