Galectin 9 Short Variant (human, recombinant)

Galectin 9 is a beta-galactoside-binding protein encoded by the LGALS9 gene and a member of the galectin family. It contains two non-identical carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs) joined by a peptide linker, the length of which depends on alternative splicing of the LGALS9 gene, which produces a short, medium, or long variant of the protein. The non-identical CRDs are responsible for binding to different types of saccharide ligands with the N-terminal CRD (NCRD) preferring more complex glycoconjugates. Galectin 9 is localized to the cytosol, nucleus, and extracellular matrix and is expressed primarily in immune-related tissues and cells. When expressed on immune or tumor cells, galectin 9 binds to glycosylated sites on the immunoregulatory protein TIM-3 and activates signaling that impairs immune synapse formation leading to T cell anergy or apoptosis. It also binds to the transmembrane glycoprotein CD44 on osteoblasts, leading to their proliferation, and it has a role in cell adhesion by preventing hyaluronic acid from binding to CD44. The short variant of galectin 9 acts as an eosinophil chemoattractant. It also activates CD4+ T cell populations and induces naïve T cells to acquire a central memory T cell (TCM) phenotype. Galectin 9 was originally identified as a tumor antigen in patients with Hodgkin's disease. It is expressed to a lower extent in tumor cells compared with non-tumor cells but is increased in leukemia and colon cancer cell lines. Increased expression of the short variant of galectin 9 inhibits or enhances adhesion in breast or colon cancer cell lines, respectively. The expression of the short variant of galectin 9 is increased by interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) in synovial fibroblasts isolated from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Cayman's Galectin 9 Short Variant (human, recombinant) protein is a disulfide-linked homodimer. The reduced monomer, comprised of galectin 9 (amino acids 2-323) fused to human IgG1 Fc at its N-terminus, consists of 554 amino acids and has a calculated molecular weight of 61.8 kDa.Synonyms: Gal-9S, HUAT, Human Urate Transporter, Lectin Galactoside-binding Soluble 9, LGALS9A. Purity: >90% estimated by SDS-PAGE. Endotoxin Testing: < 1.0 EU/µg, determined by the LAL endotoxin assay. Source: Recombinant N-terminal human IgG1 Fc-tagged galectin 9 expressed in HEK293 cells. Amino Acids: 2-323 (full length). MW: 61.8 kDa. Formulation: (Request formulation change), Lyophilized from sterile PBS, pH 7.4.