Glycocholic Acid-d4

Glycocholic acid-d4 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of glycocholic acid (Cay-20276) by GC- or LC-MS. Glycocholic acid is a glycine-conjugated form of the primary bile acid cholic acid (Cay-20250) and has roles in the emulsification of fats. It reduces expression of the gene encoding the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and increases expression of the genes encoding the bile acid receptors TGR5 and S1PR2 in SNU-245 cells when used at a concentration of 1.6 µmol/ml. Glycocholic acid (250 µM) increases the intracellular accumulation and cytotoxicity of epirubicin (Cay-12091) in Caco-2 cells, as well as decreases expression of the genes encoding multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1), MDR-associated protein 1 (MRP1), and MRP2 when used alone or in combination with epirubicin. It increases absorption of epirubicin into everted sacs of rat ileum and jejunum when used at a concentration of 250 µM. The bile acid composition ratio of glycocholic acid is elevated in bile of patients with cholangiocarcinoma compared with patients with pancreatic cancer or benign biliary diseases. Serum levels of glycocholic acid are elevated in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma compared with healthy individuals.Formal Name: N-[(3alpha,5beta,7alpha,12alpha)-3,7,12-trihydroxy-24-oxocholan-24-yl-2,2,4,4-d4]-glycine. CAS Number: 1201918-15-1. Synonyms: Cholylglycine-d4. Molecular Formula: C26H39D4NO6. Formula Weight: 469.7. Purity: >99% deuterated forms (d1-d4). Formulation: (Request formulation change), A crystalline solid. Solubility: DMF: 10 mg/mL, DMSO: 10 mg/mL, DMSO:PBS(pH 7.2) (1:4): 0.2 mg/mL, Ethanol: 1 mg/mL. SMILES: C[C@H](CCC(NCC(O)=O)=O)[C@@]1([H])CC[C@@]2([H])[C@]3([H])[C@H](O)C[C@]4([H])C([2H])([2H])[C@H](O)C([2H])([2H])C[C@]4(C)[C@@]3([H])C[C@H](O)[C@@]21C. InChi Code: InChI=1S/C26H43NO6/c1-14(4-7-22(31)27-13-23(32)33)17-5-6-18-24-19(12-21(30)26(17,18)3)25(2)9-8-16(28)10-15(25)11-20(24)29/h14-21,24,28-30H,4-13H2,1-3H3,(H,27,31)(H,32,33)/t14-,15+,16-,17-,18+,19+,20-,21+,24+,25+,26-/m1/s1/i8D2,10D2. InChi Key: RFDAIACWWDREDC-WZQUIQSLSA-N.