Nodularin

Nodularin is a cyanotoxin and an inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A, IC50 = 0.021 nM). It is selective for PP2A over PP1 and PP2B (IC50s = 2.1 and 8,700 nM, respectively), as well as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase, protein kinase A (PKA), PKC, and phosphorylase kinase at 1 µM. Nodularin (25 µg/kg) decreases serum and testis testosterone levels, increases serum cholesterol levels, and induces apoptosis in spermatogonia and the prostate in male mice when used in combination with the carcinogen diethylnitrosamine in a model of hepatocarcinogenesis. It induces enlargement of hepatic tubules, distortion of the hepatic tubule epithelium, and exfoliation of the intestinal epithelium, as well as increases malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase in the hepatopancreas and intestine in Pacific white shrimp (L. vannamei) when used at a concentration of 1 µg/L. It has been found in lakes with cyanobacterial mats and in Baltic fish.Formal Name: cyclo[3S-amino-9S-methoxy-2S,6E,8S-trimethyl-10-phenyl-4,6-decadienoyl-D-gamma-glutamyl-(2Z)-2-(methylamino)-2-butenoyl-(3S)-3-methyl-D-beta-aspartyl-L-arginyl]. CAS Number: 118399-22-7. Synonyms: NODLN. Molecular Formula: C41H60N8O10. Formula Weight: 825.0. Purity: >95%. Formulation: (Request formulation change), A clear film. Solubility: DMSO: 10 mg/ml, Ethanol: 10 mg/ml, Methanol:Water (1:1): 1 mg/ml. SMILES: CC(/C=C/[C@@]([H])(NC([C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC([C@H](C)[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC/1=O)=O)=O)[C@@H](C)C(N[C@H](C(O)=O)CCC(N(C)C1=C/C)=O)=O)=C\[C@H]([C@@H](CC2=CC=CC=C2)OC)C. InChi Code: InChI=1S/C41H60N8O10/c1-8-31-38(54)48-34(40(57)58)26(5)36(52)46-29(15-12-20-44-41(42)43)37(53)45-28(25(4)35(51)47-30(39(55)56)18-19-33(50)49(31)6)17-16-23(2)21-24(3)32(59-7)22-27-13-10-9-11-14-27/h8-11,13-14,16-17,21,24-26,28-30,32,34H,12,15,18-20,22. InChi Key: IXBQSRWSVIBXNC-RLYCYGFOSA-N. Bureau of Industry & Security: Regulated.