beta-Hydroxyisovaleric Acid

beta-Hydroxyisovaleric acid is an active metabolite of L-leucine. It is produced from leucine via an alpha-ketoisocaproic acid intermediate by alpha-ketoisocaproate oxidase in human liver homogenates. beta-Hydroxyisovaleric acid (50 µM) reduces increases in 20S proteasome activity and NF-kappaB nuclear accumulation induced by proteolysis-inducing factor (PIF) in C2C12 myotubes. It inhibits protein degradation and stimulates protein synthesis in the gastrocnemius muscle of cachectic mice bearing MAC16 tumors when administered at doses of 0.25 and 2.5 g/kg. Urinary levels of beta-hydroxyisovaleric acid are increased in patients with type II diabetes. Formulations containing beta-hydroxyisovaleric acid have been used as dietary supplements.Formal Name: 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-butanoic acid. CAS Number: 625-08-1. Synonyms: beta-Hydroxy-beta-methylbutyric Acid, 3-Hydroxyisovaleric Acid. Molecular Formula: C5H10O3. Formula Weight: 118.1. Purity: >98%. Formulation: (Request formulation change), A liquid. Solubility: DMF: 10 mg/ml, DMSO: 10 mg/ml, Ethanol: 10 mg/ml, PBS (pH 7.2): 10 mg/ml. SMILES: O=C(CC(C)(C)O)O. InChi Code: InChI=1S/C5H10O3/c1-5(2,8)3-4(6)7/h8H,3H2,1-2H3,(H,6,7). InChi Key: AXFYFNCPONWUHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N.