Artemisinin

Artemisinin is an antimalarial agent with anticancer activity. It is an iron(II) oxide-reactive endoperoxide that generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon cleavage of its endoperoxide bridge. It reduces the growth of various P. falciparum strains in vitro (IC50s = 3.98-20.36 nM) and reduces parasitemia in mice infected with P. falciparum with a curative dose (CD50) value of 140 mg/kg. It also reduces P. berghei infection in mice (ED50 = 5.6 mg/kg per day). Artemisinin (100-400 µM) induces cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase and apoptosis and inhibits growth of SK-N-AS, BE(2)-C, SK-N-DZ, and SHEP1 neuroblastoma cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. It also suppresses BE(2)-C cell colony formation in a soft agar assay and reduces tumor growth in a BE(2)-C mouse xenograft model. Formulations containing artemisinin have been used in combination therapies for the treatment of malaria.Formal Name: (3R,5aS,6R,8aS,9R,12S,12aR)-octahydro-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,12-epoxy-12H-pyrano[4,3-j]-1,2-benzodioxepin-10(3H)-one. CAS Number: 63968-64-9. Synonyms: NSC 369397. Molecular Formula: C15H22O5. Formula Weight: 282.3. Purity: >98%. Formulation: (Request formulation change), A crystalline solid. Solubility: DMF: 20 mg/ml, DMF:PBS (pH 7.2) (1:1): 0.5 mg/ml, DMSO: 10 mg/ml, Ethanol: 16 mg/ml. SMILES: [H][C@]12[C@@H](C)C(O[C@@]3([H])[C@@]1(OO4)[C@](CC[C@]4(C)O3)([H])[C@H](C)CC2)=O. InChi Code: InChI=1S/C15H22O5/c1-8-4-5-11-9(2)12(16)17-13-15(11)10(8)6-7-14(3,18-13)19-20-15/h8-11,13H,4-7H2,1-3H3/t8-,9-,10+,11+,13-,14-,15-/m1/s1. InChi Key: BLUAFEHZUWYNDE-NNWCWBAJSA-N. Origin: Plant/Artemisia annua.