3-Guanidinopropionic acid

White powder. Soluble in water (50mg/ml) or other aqueous buffers (e.g. PBS). Competitive creatine uptake inhibitor, Creatine analog that alters skeletal muscle energy expenditure, Thermogenesis inhibitor. Inhibitor of energy expenditure through reduction of ATP, AMPK stimulator and PGC-1alpha activator. Reduces cellular ATP, creatine and phosphocreatine levels, consequently stimulating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and activating PPARgamma coactivator 1alpha (PGC-1alpha), Evokes a shift from glycolytic to oxidative metabolism, increased cellular glucose uptake and increased fatigue tolerance, Ameliorates hyperglycemia in animal models of non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM). Improved insulin sensitivity and promoted weight loss selectively from adipose tissue, Studied for potential use during protein refolding as an anti-aggregatory molecule similar to L-arginine.