Mouse L-amino-acid oxidase (IL4I1) ELISA kit

Sample Types: serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates Detection Range: 15.6 pg/mL-1000 pg/mL Sensitivity: 3.9 pg/mL Assay Principle: quantitative Measurement: SandwichAssay Time: 1-5h Sample Volume: 50-100ulDetection Wavelength: 450 nmProtein function: Secreted L-amino-acid oxidase that acts as a key immunoregulator (PubMed:32818467). Has preference for L-aromatic amino acids: converts phenylalanine (Phe), tyrosine (Tyr) and tryptophan (Trp) to phenylpyruvic acid (PP), hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid (HPP), and indole-3-pyruvic acid (I3P), respectively (PubMed:15383589). Also has weak L-arginine oxidase activity. Acts as a negative regulator of anti-tumor immunity by mediating Trp degradation via an indole pyruvate pathway that activates the transcription factor AHR (PubMed:21469114, PubMed:28405502, PubMed:32818467). IL4I1-mediated Trp catabolism generates I3P, giving rise to indole metabolites (indole-3- acetic acid (IAA) and indole-3-aldehyde (I3A)) and kynurenic acid, which act as ligands for AHR, a ligand-activated transcription factor that plays important roles in immunity and cancer. AHR activation by indoles following IL4I1-mediated Trp degradation enhances tumor progression by promoting cancer cell motility and suppressing adaptive immunity (PubMed:32818467). Also has an immunoregulatory function in some immune cell, probably by mediating Trp degradation and promoting downstream AHR activation: inhibits T-cell activation and proliferation, promotes the differentiation of naive CD4(+) T-cells into FOXP3(+) regulatory T-cells (Treg) and regulates the development and function of B-cells (PubMed:25778793, PubMed:29288206). Also regulates M2 macrophage polarization by inhibiting T-cell activation (PubMed:26599209). Also has antibacterial properties by inhibiting growth of Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria through the production of NH4(+) and H2O2. [The UniProt Consortium]