Human S100A4 (S100 Calcium Binding Protein A4) Microsample ELISA Kit

The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Human S100A4. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Human S100A4. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Human S100A4, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Human S100A4 in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.Detection Range: 0.16-10 ng/mL. Sensitivity: 0.057 ng/mL. Assay Type: Sandwich. Standard: 10 ng/mL. Sample Type: sserum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids. Assay duration: 3.5h. Protein Function: Calcium-binding protein that plays a role in various cellular processes including motility, angiogenesis, cell differentiation, apoptosis, and autophagy (PubMed:16707441, PubMed:23752197, PubMed:30713770). Increases cell motility and invasiveness by interacting with non-muscle myosin heavy chain (NMMHC) IIA/MYH9 (PubMed:16707441). Mechanistically, promotes filament depolymerization and increases the amount of soluble myosin-IIA, resulting in the formation of stable protrusions facilitating chemotaxis (By similarity). Also modulates the pro-apoptotic function of TP53 by binding to its C-terminal transactivation domain within the nucleus and reducing its protein levels (PubMed:23752197). Within the extracellular space, stimulates cytokine production including granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and CCL24 from T-lymphocytes (By similarity). In addition, stimulates T-lymphocyte chemotaxis by acting as a chemoattractant complex with PGLYRP1 that promotes lymphocyte migration via CCR5 and CXCR3 receptors (PubMed:26654597, PubMed:30713770) [The Uniprot Consortium]