Anti-Human IL2 Antibody Pair

Product Description: Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a pleiotropic cytokine that plays a crucial role in regulating immune responses. It is primarily produced by activated T cells and binds to the IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) . IL-2 signaling is essential for T cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival, promoting the development of effector T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs).Dysregulation of the IL-2/IL-2R pathway has been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Sjogren's syndrome (SS), systemic sclerosis (SSc), and multiple sclerosis (MS).Genetic polymorphisms in the IL-2 and IL-2R genes have been associated with increased susceptibility to these autoimmune diseases, potentially leading to altered IL-2 production, receptor expression, or signaling.Additionally, soluble IL-2R levels are elevated in autoimmune conditions, reflecting immune activation and disease activity. Protein Function: Cytokine produced by activated CD4-positive helper T-cells and to a lesser extend activated CD8-positive T-cells and natural killer (NK) cells that plays pivotal roles in the immune response and tolerance (PubMed:6438535). Binds to a receptor complex composed of either the high-affinity trimeric IL-2R (IL2RA/CD25, IL2RB/CD122 and IL2RG/CD132) or the low-affinity dimeric IL-2R (IL2RB and IL2RG) (PubMed:16293754, PubMed:16477002). Interaction with the receptor leads to oligomerization and conformation changes in the IL-2R subunits resulting in downstream signaling starting with phosphorylation of JAK1 and JAK3 (PubMed:7973659). In turn, JAK1 and JAK3 phosphorylate the receptor to form a docking site leading to the phosphorylation of several substrates including STAT5 (PubMed:8580378). This process leads to activation of several pathways including STAT, phosphoinositide-3-kinase/PI3K and mitogen-activated protein kinase/MAPK pathways (PubMed:25142963). Functions as a T-cell growth factor and can increase NK-cell cytolytic activity as well (PubMed:6608729). Promotes strong proliferation of activated B-cells and subsequently immunoglobulin production (PubMed:6438535). Plays a pivotal role in regulating the adaptive immune system by controlling the survival and proliferation of regulatory T-cells, which are required for the maintenance of immune tolerance. Moreover, participates in the differentiation and homeostasis of effector T-cell subsets, including Th1, Th2, Th17 as well as memory CD8-positive T-cells [The Uniprot Consortium]