Ferrostatin-1 is a ferroptosis inhibitor. It inhibits cell death induced by the ferroptosis inducers erastin (Cay-17754, EC50 = 60 nM) and RSL3, but not by hydrogen peroxide, rotenone, or staurosporine, in HT-1080 cells when used at a concentration of 0.5 µM. Ferrostatin-1 (0.5 µM) inhibits erastin-induced...

Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) catalyzes the reduction of hydroperoxides, including hydrogen peroxides, by reduced glutathione and functions to protect the cell from oxidative damage. With the exception of phospholipid-hydroperoxide GPX, a monomer, all of the GPX enzymes are tetramers of four identical subunits. Each...

Glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2) is a flavoprotein that catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to glutathione (GSH). This enzyme is essential for the GSH redox cycle which maintains adequate levels of reduced cellular GSH. A high GSH/GSSG ratio is essential for protection...

Quantification of lipid peroxidation is essential to assess the role of oxidative injury in pathophysiological disorders. Lipid peroxidation results in the formation of highly reactive and unstable hydroperoxides of both saturated and unsaturated lipids. Our Lipid Hydroperoxide Assay Kit measures the hydroperoxides...

Quantification of lipid peroxidation is essential to assess the role of oxidative injury in pathophysiological disorders. Lipid peroxidation results in the formation of highly reactive and unstable hydroperoxides of both saturated and unsaturated lipids. Our Lipid Hydroperoxide Assay Kit measures the hydroperoxides...

Glutathione (GSH) serves as a nucleophilic co-substrate to glutathione transferase in the detoxification of xenobiotics and is an essential electron donor to glutathione peroxidases in the reduction of hydroperoxides. GSH ethyl ester is a cell-permeable derivative of GSH that undergoes hydrolysis by intracellular...

(1S,3R)-RSL3 is an inhibitor of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) that induces a lethal accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides and ferroptotic cell death (EC50 = 0.01 µM in HRASV12-expressing BJeHLT cells). It is selective for HRASV12-expressing over wild-type BJeHLT cells (EC50 = 2 µM). (1S,3R)-RSL3 reduces tumor...

Erastin, named for eradicator of RAS and small T (ST) antigen-expressing cells, is a ferroptosis inducer. It induces ferroptotic cell death in vitro, an effect that can be blocked by the ferroptosis inhibitors ciclopirox olamine, Trolox (Cay-10011659), ferrostatin-1 (Cay-17729), U-0126 (Cay-70970), cycloheximide...

Rosiglitazone is a thiazolidinedione agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) that binds to the ligand binding domain (LBD) of PPARgamma with a Kd value of 43 nM. It selectively activates chimeras containing the LBDs of PPARgamma over PPARalpha and PPARdelta in a cell-based reporter...

Lovastatin is an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor that was initially isolated from A. terreus. It is a prodrug of its more potent metabolite, lovastatin hydroxy acid (Cay-10010339). Both competitively inhibit HMG-CoA reductase with Ki values of 1.4 and 0.6 nM for lovastatin and the open ring, hydroxy acid form,...

Rosiglitazone is a thiazolidinedione agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) that binds to the ligand binding domain (LBD) of PPARgamma with a Kd value of 43 nM. It selectively activates chimeras containing the LBDs of PPARgamma over PPARalpha and PPARdelta in a cell-based reporter...

Deferoxamine is a bacterial siderophore that chelates iron. It is used to experimentally inhibit iron-dependent prolyl hydroxylases (EC50 = 17.8 µM), thus preventing the degradation of isoforms of hypoxia inducible factor during normoxia. Deferoxamine has applications in diseases that are characterized by high...