Toxin B (toxB), partial, Clostridioides difficile, recombinant

Organism: Clostridioides difficile (Peptoclostridium difficile). Source: E.coli. Expression Region: 2-543aa. Protein Length: Partial. Tag Info: N-terminal 10xHis-tagged and C-terminal Myc-tagged. Target Protein Sequence: SLVNRKQLEK MANVRFRTQE DEYVAILDAL EEYHNMSENT VVEKYLKLKD INSLTDIYID TYKKSGRNKA LKKFKEYLVT EVLELKNNNL TPVEKNLHFV WIGGQINDTA INYINQWKDV NSDYNVNVFY DSNAFLINTL KKTVVESAIN DTLESFRENL NDPRFDYNKF FRKRMEIIYD KQKNFINYYK AQREENPELI IDDIVKTYLS NEYSKEIDEL NTYIEESLNK ITQNSGNDVR NFEEFKNGES FNLYEQELVE RWNLAAASDI LRISALKEIG GMYLDVDMLP GIQPDLFESI EKPSSVTVDF WEMTKLEAIM KYKEYIPEYT SEHFDMLDEE VQSSFESVLA SKSDKSEIFS SLGDMEASPL EVKIAFNSKG IINQGLISVK DSYCSNLIVK QIENRYKILN NSLNPAISED NDFNTTTNTF IDSIMAEANA DNGRFMMELG KYLRVGFFPD VKTTINLSGP EAYAAAYQDL LMFKEGSMNI HLIEADLRNF EISKTNISQS TEQEMASLWS FDDARAKAQF EEYKRNYFEG SL. Purity: Greater than 85% as determined by SDS-PAGE. Endotoxin: n/a. Biological Activity: n/a. Form: Liquid or Lyophilized powder. Buffer: If the delivery form is liquid, the default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. If the delivery form is lyophilized powder, the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0. Reconstitution: We recommend that this vial be briefly centrifuged prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Please reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL.We recommend to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20 °C/-80 °C. Our default final concentration of glycerol is 50%. Customers could use it as reference. Storage: The shelf life is related to many factors, storage state, buffer ingredients, storage temperature and the stability of the protein itself. Generally, the shelf life of liquid form is 6 months at -20 °C/-80 °C. The shelf life of lyophilized form is 12 months at -20 °C/-80 °C. Notes: Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4 °C for up to one week. Relevance: Precursor of a cytotoxin that targets and disrupts the colonic epithelium, inducing the host inflammatory and innate immune responses and resulting in diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis. TcdB constitutes the main toxin that mediates the pathology of C.difficile infection, an opportunistic pathogen that colonizes the colon when the normal gut microbiome is disrupted. Compared to TcdA, TcdB is more virulent and more important for inducing the host inflammatory and innate immune responses. This form constitutes the precursor of the toxin: it enters into host cells and mediates autoprocessing to release the active toxin (Glucosyltransferase TcdB) into the host cytosol. Targets colonic epithelia by binding to the frizzled receptors FZD1, FZD2 and FZD7, and enters host cells via clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Frizzled receptors constitute the major host receptors in the colonic epithelium, but other receptors, such as CSPG4 or NECTIN3/PVRL3, have been identified. Binding to carbohydrates and sulfated glycosaminoglycans on host cell surface also contribute to entry into cells. Once entered into host cells, acidification in the endosome promotes the membrane insertion of the translocation region and formation of a pore, leading to translocation of the GT44 and peptidase C80 domains across the endosomal membrane. This activates the peptidase C80 domain and autocatalytic processing, releasing the N-terminal part (Glucosyltransferase TcdB), which constitutes the active part of the toxin, in the cytosol. , [Glucosyltransferase TcdB]: Active form of the toxin, which is released into the host cytosol following autoprocessing and inactivates small GTPases. Acts by mediating monoglucosylation of small GTPases of the Rho family (Rac1, RhoA, RhoB, RhoC, RhoG and Cdc42) in host cells at the conserved threonine residue located in the switch I region ('Thr-37/35'), using UDP-alpha-D-glucose as the sugar donor. Monoglucosylation of host small GTPases completely prevents the recognition of the downstream effector, blocking the GTPases in their inactive form, leading to actin cytoskeleton disruption and cell death, resulting in the loss of colonic epithelial barrier function. Reference: n/a. Function: nan