Recombinant Human Transforming Growth Factor beta-1/TGFB1

Source: Human Cells. MW :12.8kD. Recombinant Human Transforming Growth Factor beta 1 is produced by our Mammalian expression system and the target gene encoding Ala279-Ser390 is expressed. Transforming Growth Factor beta-1 (TGF beta-1) is a secreted protein which belongs to the TGF- beta family. TGF beta-1 is abundantly expressed in bone, articular cartilage and chondrocytes and is increased in osteoarthritis (OA). TGF beta-1 performs many cellular functions, including the control of cell growth, cell proliferation, cell differentiation and apoptosis. The precursor is cleaved into a latency-associated peptide (LAP) and a mature TGF beta-1 peptide. TGF beta-1 may also form heterodimers with other TGF beta family members. It has been found that TGF beta-1 is frequently upregulated in tumor cells. Mutations in this gene results in Camurati-Engelmann disease. Protein function: Multifunctional protein that controls proliferation, differentiation and other functions in many cell types. Many cells synthesize TGFB1 and have specific receptors for it. It positively and negatively regulates many other growth factors. It plays an important role in bone remodeling as it is a potent stimulator of osteoblastic bone formation, causing chemotaxis, proliferation and differentiation in committed osteoblasts. Stimulates sustained production of collagen through the activation of CREB3L1 by regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP) (PubMed:25310401). Can promote either T-helper 17 cells (Th17) or regulatory T-cells (Treg) lineage differentiation in a concentration-dependent manner. At high concentrations, leads to FOXP3-mediated suppression of RORC and down-regulation of IL-17 expression, favoring Treg cell development. At low concentrations in concert with IL-6 and IL-21, leads to expression of the IL-17 and IL-23 receptors, favoring differentiation to Th17 cells. Mediates SMAD2/3 activation by inducing its phosphorylation and subsequent translocation to the nucleus (PubMed:25893292). Can induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell migration in various cell types (PubMed:25893292). [The UniProt Consortium]