IL-10 Protein (recombinant human)

Protein Construction: Recombinant Human Interleukin-10 is produced by our Mammalian expression system and the target gene encoding Ser19-Asn178 is expressed. Sequence: Ser19-Asn178. Endotoxin: < 1.0 EU per µg as determined by the LAL method. Apparent Molecular Mass: 16 kDa. Protein function: Interleukin 10(IL10), also known as cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor (CSIF),is a secreted protein and belongs to the IL-10 family. IL-10 is secreted by many activated hematopoietic cell types as well as hepatic stellate cells, keratinocytes, and placental cytotrophoblasts . IL-10 is an anti-inflammatory TH2 cytokine that has a critical role in limiting the immune response to pathogens to prevent host damage. As IL-10 in produced in several T helper populations, it is proposed that it provides a feedback loop to limit the effector functions of macrophages and DCs on T cells. Once expressed, IL-10 signals through the IL-10 receptor (IL-10R) to activate STAT3. As IL-10 is a strong inhibitor of inflammation, it has become a viable biomarker for various diseases and conditions as well as a therapeutic molecule for certain conditions. In addition to elevated levels in parasitic infection, high expression levels of IL-10 are also found in retroviral infections inducing immunodeficiency. The immunosuppressive pr Protein function: Major immune regulatory cytokine that acts on many cells of the immune system where it has profound anti-inflammatory functions, limiting excessive tissue disruption caused by inflammation. Mechanistically, IL10 binds to its heterotetrameric receptor comprising IL10RA and IL10RB leading to JAK1 and STAT2- mediated phosphorylation of STAT3 (PubMed:16982608). In turn, STAT3 translocates to the nucleus where it drives expression of anti-inflammatory mediators (PubMed:18025162). Targets antigen- presenting cells (APCs) such as macrophages and monocytes and inhibits their release of pro-inflammatory cytokines including granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor /GM-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor/G-CSF, IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha (PubMed:1940799, PubMed:7512027, PubMed:11564774). Interferes also with antigen presentation by reducing the expression of MHC-class II and co-stimulatory molecules, thereby inhibiting their ability to induce T cell activation (PubMed:8144879). In addition, controls the inflammatory response of macrophages by reprogramming essential metabolic pathways including mTOR signaling. [The UniProt Consortium]