GM-CSF / CSF2 Protein (recombinant human)

Activity: Measured in a cell proliferation assay using TF-1 human erythroleukemic cells.The ED50 for this effect is typically 0.1-0.6 ng/ml. Protein Construction: A DNA sequence encoding human GMCSF (NP_000749.2) (Met1-Glu144) was expressed. Sequence: Met 1-Glu144. Endotoxin: < 1.0 EU per µg as determined by the LAL method. Apparent Molecular Mass: 23.8 kDa. Protein function: Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is one of an array of cytokines with pivotal roles in embryo implantation and subsequent development. Several cell lineages in the reproductive tract and gestational tissues synthesise GM-CSF under direction by ovarian steroid hormones and signalling agents originating in male seminal fluid and the conceptus. The pre-implantation embryo, invading placental trophoblast cells and the abundant populations of leukocytes controlling maternal immune tolerance are all subject to GM-CSF regulation. GM-CSF stimulates the differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors to monocytes and neutrophils, and reduces the risk for febrile neutropenia in cancer patients. GM-CSF also has been shown to induce the differentiation of myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) that promote the development of T-helper type 1 (cellular) immune responses in cognate T cells. The active form of the protein is found extracellularly as a homodimer, and the encoding gene is localized to a related g Protein function: Cytokine that stimulates the growth and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells from various lineages, including granulocytes, macrophages, eosinophils and erythrocytes. [The UniProt Consortium]