Recombinant Cytokines

Produced by lymphocytes activated by specific antigens or mitogens. IFN-gamma, in addition to having antiviral activity, has important immunoregulatory functions. It is a potent activator of macrophages, it has antiproliferative effects on transformed cells and it can potentiate the antiviral and antitumor effects...

Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF10A/TRAILR1, TNFRSF10B/TRAILR2, TNFRSF10C/TRAILR3, TNFRSF10D/TRAILR4 and possibly also to TNFRSF11B/OPG. Induces apoptosis. Its activity may be modulated by binding to the decoy receptors TNFRSF10C/TRAILR3, TNFRSF10D/TRAILR4 and TNFRSF11B/OPG that cannot induce apoptosis....

Stimulates the proliferation of mast cells. Able to augment the proliferation of both myeloid and lymphoid hematopoietic progenitors in bone marrow culture. Mediates also cell-cell adhesion. Acts synergistically with other cytokines, probably interleukins. (www.uniprot.org) Produced in E.coli as a single,...

Produced by activated macrophages, IL-1 stimulates thymocyte proliferation by inducing IL-2 release, B-cell maturation and proliferation, and fibroblast growth factor activity. IL-1 proteins are involved in the inflammatory response, being identified as endogenous pyrogens, and are reported to stimulate the release...

IL-38 (IL-1F10) mRNA is expressed in heart, placenta, fetal liver, spleen, thymus and tonsil. The expression in a variety of immune tissues and similarity to IL-1Ra suggest a role of IL-1F10 in the inflammatory response. It has been reported that removal of the N-terminus domain of the interleukins of the IL-1F...

Growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF15, also known as macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1)), is a member of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta superfamily and was initially identified in activated macrophages. GDF15 acts through a recently identified receptor called Glial-derived Neurotrophic Factor...

Irisin is a recently described exercise-induced hormone secreted by skeletal muscle in mice and humans. Irisin activates beige fat cells (beige cells have a gene expression pattern distinct from either white or brown fat and are preferentially sensitive to the polypeptide hormone Irisin). Irisin is cleaved from the...

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) family members are heterodimer glycoproteins, composed of two covalently linked subunits, alpha and beta chains. The alpha-subunit consists of IL-23p19, IL-27p28, and IL-12p35, and the beta-subunit includes IL-12p40 and Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene (Ebi3). IL-12 members bind to cognate...

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) family members are heterodimer glycoproteins, composed of two covalently linked subunits, alpha and beta chains. The alpha-subunit consists of IL-23p19, IL-27p28, and IL-12p35, and the beta-subunit includes IL-12p40 and Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene (Ebi3). IL-12 members bind to cognate...

May be a cytokine that affects the growth, movement, or activation state of cells that participate in immune and inflammatory response. (www.uniprot.org) Produced in E.coli as a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 105 amino acids. CXCL9 is a T-cell chemoattractant, which is induced by IFN-gamma.

May function as part of a signaling pathway that acts to regulate the size of the body fat depot. An increase in the level of LEP may act directly or indirectly on the CNS to inhibit food intake and/or regulate energy expenditure as part of a homeostatic mechanism to maintain constancy of the adipose mass (By...

Insulin decreases blood glucose concentration. It increases cell permeability to monosaccharides, amino acids and fatty acids. It accelerates glycolysis, the pentose phosphate cycle, and glycogen synthesis in liver. (www.uniprot.org) Produced in E.coli. Two chain, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 51...