L-(-)-Norepinephrine-(+)-bitartrate

Norepinephrine is a hormone and neurotransmitter that modulates sympathetic nervous system activity and plays a role in modulating reward, reinforcement, feeding, and other behaviors. Norepinephrine exhibits vasoconstrictive, pro-angiogenic, and thermoregulatory activities. Norepinephrine is clinically used to treat cardiac arrest, severe hypotension, and shock. This compound acts as an agonist at alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors, inducing vascular vasoconstriction, decreasing blood flow, and increasing blood pressure. In vitro, norepinephrine increases expression of VEGF and stimulates choroidal neovascularization. This compound also decreases code body temperature.